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 Sea
Water System Design
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Cu-Ni is used for piping systems in a wide range of sizes. To obtain the high performance achievable from Cu-Ni, particular attention should be given to using alloy compositions which comply to international standards, maintaining flow velocities within accepted limits, avoiding areas of local turbulence and extended exposure to polluted water and ensuring good commissioning/start up practices. |
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The
corrosion behaviour of a low carbon steel in natural and synthetic seawaters: The corrosion behaviour of a low
carbon steel was investigated in natural seawater and various synthetic
seawaters. It was found that the steel corroded nearly four times faster in a
3.5% NaCl solution than in natural seawater for an exposure time of 21 days. The
corrosion rate after immersion in synthetic seawaters (ASTM D1141 and Marine
Biological Laboratory seawater) is similar to the corrosion rate after immersion
in natural seawater. |
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Guidelines
for the Use of Copper Alloys in Seawater |
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This paper discusses general guidelines that should be considered when
choosing copper alloys for service in a marine environment. Topics
discussed include: protective film formation, effects of velocity,
seawater cavitation, effects of sulfides, marine biofouling, stress
corrosion cracking, galling and sizing resistance, and use in
desalination environments. |
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Effect
of Composition and Microstructure on the Seawater Corrosion
Resistance of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze |
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A
Study of the Effects of Microstructure on the Seawater Jet
Impingement Resistance of Nickel Aluminum Bronze
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Ni stainless
steel for marine environments, natural
waters and brines
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Ni containing materials for marine and
related environments
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Materials
Selection for high reliabilitiy Copper Alloy
Seawater Systems
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Seawater systems are used by many industries such as shipping, offshore oil and gas production, power plants and coastal industrial plants. The main use of seawater is for cooling purposes but it is also used for fire-fighting, oil field water injection and for desalination plants.
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Application
of Copper-Nickel Alloy UNS C70600 for Seawater Service
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The
Application of Copper Nickel Alloys in
Marine Systems. Copper Nickel Alloys in Desalination Systems.
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This paper reviews materials requirements for MSF plants and in particular the use of Cu-Ni alloys. Although heat exchanger tubing is the most important individual application, there are other important uses such as tubeplate, water boxes, piping and evaporator shells. The Cu-Nis are used for a wider range of components than any other material in MSF evaporators. The requirements of these components will be considered. Also some of the problems which have occurred in MSF plants will be described.
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High Strength Corrosion Resistant Superalloy
Fasteners, Springs, and Hardware for Marine Service
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The
Alloy Solution to Fastener Problems in the Marine Industry
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Vessels and
equipment built for service in seawater and other marine
environments must employ fasteners that are resistant to
corrosion by the aggressive service conditions to which they are
exposed. Contractors and fabricators who build ships for the U.S.
Navy must recognize this requirement, as a structure is no stronger
or more reliable than its weakest member. Failure of a nut or bolt
can have catastrophic results. |
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A
High-Strength, Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Solves Fastener Problems in the
Marine Industry |
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High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Alloy 686 for Seawater Fastener
Service
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Experience
with Copper Nickel Alloy Tubing, Water boxes
and Piping in MSF Desalination Plants.
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The first generation MSF desalination plants were built with copper alloy tubing and either bare or coated carbon steel chambers, water boxes and piping. The intended design life was 20 years. It soon became apparent that inleakage of air into the chambers allowed more corrosion of steel than could be tolerated. Steel in these applications began to be replaced with clad or solid copper alloy, and in some plants with clad or solid stainless steel. Currently many units use copper alloy throughout, although titanium tubing is used in some heat reject sections where sulfides or special considerations are overriding considerations. |
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Innovative Nickel Alloys for Service in Critical Marine Applications |
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How does
corrosion work? |
What is Corrosion? |
Which
are the main Factors that initiate Corrosion? |
Definition of
Corrosion? |
Copper pipe Corrosion |
What causes rust |
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